‘Cousin Kate’ by Christina Rossetti Essay Example for Free

‘Cousin Kate’ by Christina Rossetti Essay This Victorian sonnet is about the storyteller (a fallen lady), the Lord and Kate. It is a song which recounts to the story from the narrator’s point of view about being avoided by society after her ‘experiences’ with the ruler. The poem’s female speaker reviews her satisfaction in her modest environmental factors until the nearby ‘Lord of the Manor’ took her to be his darling. He disposed of her when she got pregnant and his expressions of love went to another town young lady, Kate, whom he at that point wedded. In spite of the fact that the speaker’s network censured the speaker as a ‘fallen’ lady, she mirrors that her adoration for the ruler was more reliable than Kate’s. She is pleased with the child she bore him and is certain that the man is troubled that he and Kate stay childless. A few perusers believe that she feels more double-crossed by her cousin than the master. This sonnet is an emotional monolog written in the Victorian time. Structure The sonnet is written in first individual story. It has 6 refrains of 8 lines: One verse each on the storyteller, the Lord and Kate; refrain 4 complexities the situation of the storyteller and Kate; verse 5 condemns Kate and verse 6 spotlights on the narrator’s triumph at having a youngster. Every refrain is a similar length and each line has a comparative musicality, giving it a ditty like feel. It could likewise be passing on the quality and diligence of the storyteller who needs to confront life in strife with the desires for Victorian culture. Note that the tone changes as the sonnet advances lament, allegation, sharpness, triumph. The rhyme plot consistently interfaces the B (second line) of every couplet. E. g Stanza one †AB/CB/DB/DB. Some of the time the principal line of the couplet is rhymed. The rhyme underlines the last world to help meaning. The customary rhyme could likewise recommend that storyteller has not exclusively been commanded by the Lord (since men and specifically men of a higher social standing) but at the same time is caught with Victorian social shows (she is presently a fallen lady in strife with the estimations of her general public). Once in a while the principal line is rhymed as in Stanza 3 †AB/AB/CB/AB. For this situation the words ‘Kate’, ‘gate’ and ‘estate’ are worried so as to pass on the way Kate has been raised from her situation in the public eye. Anyway in verse 5 this rhyme of ‘true’ and ‘you’ contrasts the narrator’s quality of feeling with Kate’s. ‘Cousin Kate’ is composed with a rhyming mood. For the most part, one line of the sonnet has three feet, and the following has four. The sonnet, subsequently, for the most part follows the accompanying example: da dum da dum da dum da dum da dum da dum da dum Iambic rhythms regularly follow the common cadence of discourse, similar to a heartbeat. On the off chance that we apply this to one of Rossetti’s lines, it peruses as follows: â€Å"Because you were so acceptable and pure†. Subsequently the importance of the words is caught in the line as explicit words are focused. The reiteration of: ‘Why did an incredible ruler discover me out’, passes on the annoyance and bewilderment of the speaker at her difference in conditions, while the expression: ‘good and pure’ has an empty ring by its subsequent event. From that point, rehashed phrases are modified to feature the differentiating circumstances of Kate and the speaker: The people group ‘call’ Kate ‘good and pure’, yet ‘call’ the speaker ‘an pariah thing’. Kate ‘sit[s] in gold’, the speaker ‘sit[s] †¦ in dust’. The picture of residue associates with an existence of neediness and furthermore proposes how she has been filthy by society. While ‘gold’ proposes that her cousin has wealth. Kate’s destiny is to ‘sit †¦ and sing’, the speaker’s to ‘sit and howl’. This recommends the psychological anguish that the storyteller is encountering at being surrendered though to ‘sing’ shows that Kate is content. Notwithstanding, the speaker trusts her ‘love was true’, while Kate’s ‘love was writ in sand’ proposing that her affection is more grounded than Kate’s. The resounded structure in the last refrain †that Kate has ‘not got’ and is ‘not like to get’ the endowment of a kid †underlines the speaker’s feeling of triumph. Language The speaker’s inquiries in the primary refrain express her annoyance and disarray at the encounters she has needed to suffer: ‘Why did an extraordinary ruler discover me out†¦ Why did an incredible master discover me out? ’ She proposes that before the appearance of the ‘great lord’, she was glad and ‘contented’ (line 3). She was not searching for another circumstance throughout everyday life. It came startlingly. The possibility that the master filled her heart with care recommends that she had less to stress over beforehand. She is furious that he made her on edge rather than glad and removed her from her companions, her ‘cottage mates’ (line 3). She addresses her cousin Kate in refrain 4 recommending that she adored the master though her cousin didn't wed for affection. The speaker tends to her inquiries, regrets and groans to Kate. She starts the third section, ‘O Lady Kate, my cousin Kate’ and the fifth, ‘O cousin Kate’. All through, she utilizes a tone of allegation, more than once utilizing the word ‘you’ as she thinks about Kate to herself. In the last four lines, the speaker keeps her from noticing her harshness at Kate and addresses her child. She calls him ‘my disgrace, my pride’ (line 45). The paradoxical expression features the contention that she encounters at cherishing the Lord and her child yet in addition realizing that she has resisted moral show. Through dynamic and uninvolved action words Rossetti stresses the feebleness of ladies in Victorian culture by partner the ruler with a progression of moves which make the activity. He ‘f[ound]’ the speaker ‘out’/‘praise[d]’ her/‘lured’ her/‘wore’ her/‘changed’ her/‘cast’ her ‘by’/‘fooled’ her. These are unforgiving activities, which become progressively inauspicious with respect to Kate. Like a stalker, the master: ‘saw’ her/‘chose’ her’/‘watched’ her/‘lifted’ her ‘To sit with him’/‘bound’ her/‘won’ her/‘bought’ her. Like a tracker, the master ‘f[ound]’ the speaker ‘out’, ‘lured’ her, at that point ‘chose’ his next casualty in Kate, whom he ‘watched’, at that point got (‘lifted’) and ‘bound’. The two ladies are alluded to as feathered creatures, with Kate appearing to be trussed and limited by her fine garments and wedding band. In ‘Cousin Kate’, the bird picture draws on these thoughts of expectation and satisfaction and is an image of immaculateness that remains in direct difference to the polluted express the speaker winds up as she portrays herself as ‘an messy thing’ (line 15). Notwithstanding, she recognizes that the delicacy related with the pigeon is no counterpart for Kate’s ‘stronger wing’. Despite the fact that the speaker asserts that she ‘wouldâ have spit’ and ‘[would] not have taken’ the master, the way this is later on restrictive tense shows that the truth is in actuality totally different †she will consistently be frail. Similar sounding word usage is utilized all through the sonnet: The delicate honesty of the speaker before her life changed is passed on by the delicate M of ‘maiden’, ‘mates’ and ‘mindful’ in verse 1 When the speaker asserts that she was directed to the lord’s house to lead a ‘shameless despicable life’, the sibilance in this line fortifies the alliance of confusing expressions that these words perform. It additionally mirrors the quieted way wherein the speaker was entrapped by the ruler, taken in, afterwards throw away The speaker’s outrage radiates through the brutal consonants of ‘Lady Kate, my cousin Kate’ In the last verse, the speaker stresses the nearby bond she imparts to her child when she asks that he ‘Cling closer, closer yet’ (line 46). The accentuation here features her dread and along with the redundancy of the word ‘closer’, proposes that it is for her own solace, just as her son’s, that they stay together. Solid pictures are utilized to pass on the problem of the storyteller. She guarantees that the master considered her as a ‘plaything’ (line 12) whom he could treat how he loved with no respect for her sentiments. Much like the ‘silken knot’ (line 12) he wore around his neck (a cravat or tie), he regarded her as a design extra he could utilize and afterward cast away, as opposed to as a person with her own needs. The speaker perceives that the master ‘changed me like a glove’ (line 13). He utilized her and formed her into a shape that fit him and afterward, similar to a glove that does not please anymore, shed her totally. A glove is a private and individual item that fits itself around its client. By depicting herself as a glove, the speaker recognizes that she dismissed her own needs and wants trying to please and suit the master. Article title: Explain how Rossetti makes compassion toward the storyteller in ‘Cousin Kate’. Use models from the sonnet to help your answers.

Paramedic Essay

â€Å"People don’t care the amount you know, they need to know the amount you care.† â€John C. Maxwell I am going to Fortis College to turn into a paramedic. I need to turn into a paramedic not exclusively to have any kind of effect, however to help other people in their period of scarcity. I think about this degree as an enthusiasm not only a vocation. As a paramedic there is consistently space for proceeding with your instruction. You gain from your associates and the runs you go on. As ahead of schedule as 1500 B.C. there has been an EMS. In those days it was a Good Samaritan act and totally intentional. Climbing the course of events in 1767, the Greeks and Romans removed warriors from the combat zone by chariots. In a similar timeframe a main doctor in the Napoleon’s armed force, Baron Dominique-Jean Larrey, began the first pre-emergency clinic framework used to triage and transport harmed troopers from the war zone to help station. In 1865-1869 the principal rescue vehicle administration was begun in the United States. Assistants of the clinic utilized pony drawn carriages made explicitly in taking the wiped out and harmed to the medical clinic. Also, advanced today, there are numerous emergency vehicle organizations including fire houses and private ambulances. As information on science and the life structures of people develops the information on what paramedics can do develops. I have involvement with the fire and EMS world. I was a voyager at the Fairfield Township Fire Department in Fairfield Township, Ohio. I was a voyager for a long time. In that four years I rode a-yearns, situations, and homeroom preparing. We additionally did rivalries with different divisions. In my last year at the division I met and acquired the situation of chief of the adventurer program. The main year that my wayfarer post did rivalries that I was joining in, we set second in general and set in 3 rivalries; of those 3 I was associated with 2. This was an extremely energizing a great time. I likewise went to the week long Fire/EMS institute at Hocking College as a voyager. I took in a ton from the two projects. All in all, I can’t hold on to begin my vocation at Fortis College. I am eager to facilitate my insight in the EMS field. Upon graduation at Fortis College, I intend to fill in as a paramedic at a private rescue vehicle organization and in the ER of a clinic, to just further on as a consideration flight surgeon in Columbus.

Benefits of Finding Sample Essays

Benefits of Finding Sample EssaysCollege students, regardless of whether they are from California or elsewhere, need to know what Berkeley samples have to offer them. Whether a student is transferring from one California university to another or transferring from a junior college to a four-year university, it is important to find the best college essay sample. This can be accomplished by searching for them online.Students who are looking for transfer essays, or college essay samples, should search for different types of samples by using keywords such as Berkeley, or Cal, or Cal State. Other keyword searches, such as Berkeley Student Essay, Cal Student Essay, and Cal State Essay, are also available. Some searches can be on the Internet or through campus phone books, while others are found in student publications.It can be beneficial for transfer students, particularly if they are planning to go back to school in the near future, to obtain as many different types of samples as possible . The best ones will have examples that are relevant to their specific situation. Depending on the student's goals, objectives, and other factors, a university may offer several different types of essays.One thing to keep in mind when looking for samples of transfer college essay samples is that the subjects will vary. This can be especially helpful to students who are unfamiliar with a variety of different topics. Of course, students will want to write about various topics, including their high school experiences, which might change the type of topics that can be covered, as well as the types of essays that they want to write.Different universities, as well as colleges, require different types of essays, including grade point averages, as well as test scores. These are some of the most common writing samples that are offered. However, depending on the length of the essay, it can help to know that there are other samples that are offered, and which have been written by different stu dents.When looking for transfer student samples, students should check in online sites, campus libraries, and schools' requirements. The best samples will be those that offer the exact types of writing that the student will need. They should also be offered by writers who have a vast range of experience, including writing for all kinds of audience.When searching for transfer writing samples, it is helpful to try to avoid getting the same type of essay from the same writer. For example, when looking for college essay samples, students should not find the same writer to give them about the SAT. In order to get quality writing samples, they should try to find examples of different topics, and which writers can give different types of writing samples.Searching for college writing samples, as well as different types of writing samples, can be time consuming, but it can help a student understand the importance of getting the right type of writing samples. Whether looking for transfer or c ollege writing samples, it is important to take advantage of different resources and know that writing samples do exist. Students should do their research before finding examples of writing samples.

Effects Of Divorce On A Childs Development - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 4 Words: 1174 Downloads: 1 Date added: 2019/06/24 Category Psychology Essay Level High school Tags: Divorce Essay Did you like this example? Introduction How many family friends or maybe your own parents marriage ended in divorce? Approximately 50% of all marriages end in divorce in America (Lansford, 2009, p.140). However, how does divorce impact a childs development? Divorce is associated with having negative consequences in affecting those around it. Most people focus their attention on the parents that are going through divorce but it is important to see how a childs development is affected as well. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Effects Of Divorce On A Childs Development" essay for you Create order The childs academic performance, emotional development, and social relationships gets affected when their parents are going through issues prior to divorce and during the divorce process. Marital problems can arise from an array of circumstances, however a key component to most marital conflicts is financial stress. The financial stress can be happening prior to divorce and post-divorce. When a child is exposed to their parents conflict and marital problems that in itself is enough for the childs development to be affected because they start to witness their parents having constant discussions. They may start to see their parents arguing as a normal situation or they may be emotionally discouraged. This emotional discouragement can manifest itself in a child having a hard time being able to communicate their feelings to others. What Research Says: Effects On Academic Performance Children will start to get involved in their parents divorce even if they try not to or if the parent is trying to shield them from any harm. Children that are going through divorce alongside their parents may not always seem to have physical effects to them. Many children will start to experience a decline in their academics. In a meta-analysis, it was found that divorce seemed to have more of an effect on academic achievement than with having personal problems (Lansford, 2009, p.141). As children see their parents arguing, or may have negative attitude towards each other, this contributes to the child being distracted in not wanting to do their school work. The parents are also distracted as well with having a divorce going on, that they may not be paying much attention to their child. Since the child is not receiving the adequate help from their parent, they will start to not care as much for their schooling and disregard their academics as being normal. Effect on Self-Esteem As the child is witnessing the divorce, they may feel the divorce may be their fault. Divorce does have an effect on the self-esteem of a child. Custody conflicts can affect the child in having the feeling to be obligated to choose one parent over the other (Feeney Moravcik Nolte, 2016, p.515). If they choose to stay with one parent, they may have thoughts of missing the other parent and this can cause internal problems. The internal problems can include the child not feeling comfortable with expressing their feelings because they are afraid they may be told their wrong for feeling a certain way. The child may not know how to appropriately express their feelings so they can begin to lash out or keep to themselves. The child may not have anybody to talk to during this difficult time, so their self-esteem and how they feel about themselves can start to decline. As their self-esteem declines, they will start to feel that they may not be good enough for their parents or they may even begin to blame themselves for the divorce taking place. Effects On Relationships As these children of divorce start to grow and develop maturely, it is important to note how divorce impacts their social relationships. A child may not be willing to be as expressive and open with their peers because of the things that he or she may be going through at home. As these children grow older and start to enter their adulthood, it was found that they are two times more likely to end in divorce themselves (Lansford, 2009, p.142). This may be because they witnessed their own parents divorce and do not view marriage as a commitment for life. The relationship that the child has with the parents after the divorce gets carried on to their adulthood. Their view of their parents can change and that relationship may not be as strong as it once was during childhood. These children can also grow to be guarded in order to protect themselves from feeling any additional hurt from any other social relationships. If their biological parents do decide to remarry, than this too is consider ed another major life transition in which a child will have to get adjusted too (Lansford, 2009, p.146). These children may develop to be introverted and would rather avoid engaging in any type of serious relationships, whether that be romantically or friendships. This image indicates that children living with only one parent have more behavioral problems compared to those living with both parents. Recommendations Implications Even though a child may be going through their parents divorce, this does not indicate that the child will grow up to be extremely troubled or have extreme internal and external behavioral problems. During this time, it is important to keep the child informed about what is going on with their parents and to constantly be checking in with the child about how they are feeling or what their thoughts may be. Being present for a child and offering help to them and their family is one of the first steps in keeping things stable for children (Feeney Moravcik Nolte, 2016, p.515). Once children feel stable they will start to get accustomed to their new norm, which would be the separation between their parents. Helping a child adapt and transition to any major life changes can result in having a positive outcome for the child.Local resources for any medical, psychological, or nutritional needs should be offered to families to help through the transition of divorce. Family counseling is a great way for the parents to openly discuss what is currently happening and to provide reassurance for their children, alongside professional help. If the family does choose to go through family therapy, it is important to also check in with the children at home as well. Asking how the child feels or how things can be approached differently can be meaningful for the child because it shows that the parents are taking the time to acknowledge that they too are going through the divorce. However, if local resources are not being used during this time by the family, the child will find ways to cope during this transition in life. The child may distance themselves from their parents because they may view their parents as the source of their hurt. If the child does become distant, this also implies that there will be little to no communication with the parents. Internalizing problems can start to develop upon this distance which will make any expression of feelings di fficult to communicate. References Feeney, S., Moravcik, E., Nolte, S., (2016) Who am I in the lives of children?. Pearson Education, Inc. Lansford, J. E., (2009). Parental divorce and childrens adjustment. Center For Child and Family Policy. Durham, North Carolina.

A Cumpolsory Action in the Movie A Few Good Men Essays

Even as people call themselves individuals and claim to do as they please, it is in their encoding to follow a simple command from a superior even if it objects their own judgement. In a simple experiment, such as that performed by Stanley Milgram, one command can make or break your own sense of self. Even if the command isnt compulsory, as seen by the marines in the movie A Few Good Men, orders can be extremely hard not to follow. A Few Good Men depicts the court case of two marines, Private First Class Louden Downey and Lance Corporal Harold W. Dawson, who had been ordered to perform a Code Red on a fellow marine, Private First Class William T. Santiago. Stanley Miligram, a 1970s psychologist who wanted to test obedience in†¦show more content†¦I believe I was right sir, I believe I did my job, and I will not dishonor myself, my unit, or the Corps so I can go home in six months... Sir (Reiner, Rob). The code meaning that they would protect in that order. If one marine was slacking, it would affect the entire unit. Without the unit, they could not follow the order. So it was Dawson, and Downeys job to train Santiago, a marine who was failing in his duty, as ordered by Col. Nathan Jessep. This order was known as a Code Red, an unofficial illegal order by someone to train a marine who is falling behind. It is not stated anywhere in the marine handbook, it is just known. As Milgram would say it is because Jessep was seen as an authority figure, and that was why the boys followed the order. It is also know, that a good marine is to follow orders. It is instinct that they follow orders, being a marine is hard worker and listening not matter the consequence could save lives. It is instilled into them to act first, think later. This is exactly what Downey and Dawson did. They were given the code red, and followed the order. Whether they meant to kill Santiago or not, they were to follow the order and to train him to become a better marine. Milgram would have stated that in the situations the safety of the men, and of the country would relay on these men. Thus they would listen to

A Brief Note On Numeracy And Maths Specialists - 3358 Words

TASK 1 PART A Pursuing a PGCE Numeracy and Maths Specialists is a responsibility that I owe to myself as well as a commitment that I made. It is a responsibility because I have a positive outlook on life, which makes me to actively seek and go after things that I want to accomplish in life. It is a commitment because I want to contribute to society so that others will use it as an example. Due to the passion I have for teaching, I had always sought opportunity to enrol to a course like this but have never found one. I came across PGCE Numeracy and Maths Specialists in December 2014 when I was taking the PTLLS course. I have studied maths and maths related courses throughout my studies, but did not understand the essence until when I worked†¦show more content†¦How can the populace have such basic skills if there is not enough and qualified instructor to teach them? I have the necessary qualities required to execute this task. In this light, I thought it wise and have decided to take up PGCE Numeracy and Maths Specialists because I enjoy working with people, I am able to motivate others and give constructive criticism, I am a hardworking, reliable individual who can work well alone or as part of a team with emphasis on performing quality work. I am a highly determined, adaptable and resourceful individual and also skilled at responding to complex situations and handling stressful conditions. I enjoy challenging and varied working environment and enjoy communicating with others at all levels, and will be able to apply these skills and knowledge gained during my undergraduate and postgraduate studies to help individuals to better their lives, and to achieve their goals. I will also gain valuable experience, skills and knowledge such as; analysing learning needs and develop appropriate strategies, managing own learning, and make critical use of scholarly reviews and primary , demonstrate self direction in tackling and solving problems, analyse and evaluate methodologies appropriate to the lifelong learning sector, communicate complex ideas and arguments effectively using a range of media both orally and in writing, demonstrate a critical understanding of knowledge of

Economic Transformation Programme Samples †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Economic Transformation Programme. Answer: Economic Transformation Programme (ETP) TheEconomic Transformation Programme was formulated with the objective of elevating the country under the status of developed nation by 2020 with a targeted GNI per capita of US $15,000. This will be attained by attracting an investment of US $444 billion with the objective of creating 3.3 million new jobs. The target of ETP for 2020 can be attained by imposing 12 national KeyEconomic areas, representing economic sectors, which accounts for significant contributions to GNI (Case et al., 2014). The programme is aimed at strengthening the nations commercial environment to make sure that the Malaysian companies are globally competitive. Measuring the inflation rate increased by 3.63 percent from the previous year in the month June compared to below market rise of 3.9 percent in the previous month and short of market anticipations. It is regarded as the slowest rate of inflation since the January, particularly due the fall in the cost of food and transportation. The unemployment rate in Malaysia for the year 2017 stood 3.4 per cent (Taussig 2013). The number of unemployed person increased by 1.2 per cent with the number of employed person grew by 2.1 percent. The seasonally adjusted unemployment rate stood 3.4 percent. The GDP growth rate rose by 5.6 per cent in the first quarter of 2017 in comparison to 4.5 percent growth in the previous three months and beyond the market expectations of 4.8 percent. It is the strongest expansion since march. Hence, it can be said that ETP explores new areas for growth that enables sectors to increase the value chain. References: Case, K. E., Fair, R. C., Oster, S. (2014). Principles of economics. Pearson Higher Ed. Taussig, F.W., 2013.Principles ofeconomics (Vol. 2). Cosimo, Inc.

Women in Law Enforcement free essay sample

A study of the adversities faced by professional women in law enforcement. This paper examines the under representation of women in the law enforcement occupations as compared to women in many traditionally male jobs. The paper states that despite laws such as affirmative action, the presence of women is uncommon in higher-ranking offices such as sergeant or commissioner. It describes that women officers are often sexually harassed, receive lower pay in relation to men in their position and are often passed over for advancement for a male even if they are equally or better qualified. The paper offers methods to help reduce disparities if implemented correctly, such as enacting diversity education and training, actively recruiting, retaining and promoting female employees as well as providing a means of support for female officers will result in increased efficiency and employee satisfaction for the department as a whole. Occupations in law have traditionally been reserved for men. We will write a custom essay sample on Women in Law Enforcement or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page It was considered too dangerous, too risky and too difficult for women, women who did enter law enforcement were often times given desk jobs. Even during the 1960s when women began to enter the job market with a vengeance, women were still persuaded from pursuing law enforcement occupations. Even today, there remains a disproportionate amount of females in such occupations. Additionally, the few women that are in these fields face various obstacles that include discrimination and harassment on the job. The plight of women in law enforcement can be compared to the plight of women in the corporate world, as both face similar obstacles and circumstances.

Click, and Facebook revises privacy by Tim Dick

Click, and Facebook revises privacy by Tim Dick The text is Click, and Facebook revises privacy by Tim Dick. The article discusses the issue of privacy on the Internet taking Facebook as a bright example of how your interests and activity can be revealed to other users of this global social network. According to Veer (2010), privacy concerns exist among all people that use the internet.Advertising We will write a custom critical writing sample on Click, and Facebook revises privacy by Tim Dick specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The internet that facilitates sharing of information is exploited by unscrupulous users. Email and Facebook users are some of the countless victims of the deplorable state of privacy online. Facebook has set up various measures to guard against the breach of privacy which is a fundamental right. However, the entity has performed poorly with regard to this aspect. As such, Facebook has been a recipient of massive criticism for its failure to uphold and guard pr ivacy. It is true that Facebook seems to be failing in its efforts to secure the users’ private data (Veer 2012, p.150). Social sites ought to protect their users’ information from online predators and sniffers whose key objective is to use the users’ information for their selfish gains. In social sites, massive data is at risk owing to such malpractices. Warfel (2008) attests that social sites contain a lot of personal information. Such information should be secured so that no one without permission has access to it. Breach of privacy would have countless repercussions such as identity theft and defrauding. The article fails to highlight some of the implications of security lapses in Facebook. Privacy is the major concern in the article. Nonetheless, Facebook seems to treat such a concern lightly yet it pertains to colossal amounts of private information. Thus, as stated in the article, Facebook says privacy and the trust of its users are important to it. We d ont share information we receive about you with others, it says, with three large exceptions: when it has your permission, gives you notice of its intentions or passes on your information without identifying you (Dick n.p.). Privacy should be the chief concern for Mark Zuckerberg who is constantly reassuring users of the safety of their data. Nevertheless, many stakeholders question Facebook’s efforts to secure the privacy of users’ information (Warfel 2008, p. 7).Advertising Looking for critical writing on communications media? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Facebook’s attempts to secure its users’ information have entailed creating a system which allows the users to make a list of people who can access their information. According to Abram (2012), online predators have the capability to bypass such a system set up by this organization. In addition, an Australian critic has made allegat ions that the entity had been analysing trends based on the information posted by Facebook account holders. Such analysis would enable Facebook to forecast certain trends that can give them an advantage over their rivals. Information based on the above analysis would have a massive business value. This has been a key trigger of privacy breaches on Facebook and other social sites. The assertions made by the article are valid since Facebook has about 800 million users. If information is power, than analysing information from the Facebook would precipitate massive information with great business value. Furthermore, the social site presents a massive pool of social site users who can be victims of various unscrupulous schemes perpetrated by criminals (Abram 2012, p.70). The article paints an accurate graphic of the current state of privacy on Facebook and other social site. The entity seems to be distracted by its monopolistic rivals. These rivals, such as Google, are making massive rev enues. Hence, Facebook seems to be overlooking grave matters as it enacts features aimed at out-doing its rivals such as Google. The rivalry among these entities has triggered innovations that characterize the social sites sector. Nonetheless, vital concerns have been compromised in this rivalry. Facebook should prioritize the privacy of the users’ information. Thus, Facebook should build systems that can secure the users’ data. In conclusion, the article highlights privacy as the key concern in social sites by providing adequate factual information. References Abram, C 2012, Facebook for Dummies, John Wiley’s and Sons, New Jersey. Dick, T 2011, Click, and Facebook revises privacy, The Student Modern Herald. https://www.smh.com.au/technology/click-and-facebook-revises-privacy-20110930-1l1cr.html.Advertising We will write a custom critical writing sample on Click, and Facebook revises privacy by Tim Dick specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Veer, V 2010, Facebook: The Missing Manual: The Missing Manual, O’Reilly Media Inc., California. Warfel, E 2008, Perceptions of Privacy on Facebook, Rochester Institute of technology, Master’s Thesis.

Toys R Us Company Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Toys R Us Company - Research Paper Example The Toys â€Å"R† Us firm went public during 1978 and started to branch out its products (Brohan, par 3). In the 1980’s Toys â€Å"R† Us stretched out into global markets as well as expanded its brand line to encompass children’s clothing. In the 1990’s, Toys â€Å"R† Us further grew into the baby product marketplace with Babies â€Å"R† Us (Lombardi, par 4). Additionally, Toys â€Å"R† Us assimilated the renowned New York toy store FAO Schwarz together with its online websites during 2009. Items from this New York high-end shop are now in Toys â€Å"R† Us stores too (Brohan, par 4). Toys â€Å"R† Us Inc. runs more than eight hundred and seventy five Babies â€Å"R† Us and Toys â€Å"R† Us shops within the U.S., more than six hundred and twenty five worldwide stores as well as over one hundred and forty licensed shops within 35 nations as well as its jurisdictions. Toys â€Å"R† Us board of dir ectors is comprised of nine members with Gerald Storch as the Chairman as well as the Chief Executive officer (Brohan, par 6). In an ever developing online retailing marketplace, Toys â€Å"R† Us has also developed itself as a virtual retailer. Toys â€Å"R† Us operates many online retail websites. Babiesrus.com and toysrus.com have various international websites and are among the highly visited websites for clients looking for kids’ products (Lombardi, par 5). ... During 2012 Toys â€Å"R† Us sales of toys went down by a percentage of 3.5 to 20.47 billion dollars within the U.S, the global major toy market, rendering to a research company NPD Group. Previously, Toys â€Å"R† Us articulated that its same-stores sales within the US had gone down by 4.5% within the 9 weeks from 28th October to 29th December, a crucial time for toys’ sales (Brohan, par 8). Toys â€Å"R† Us total sales of toys went down by 4.7% in that period. Toys â€Å"R† Us Inc. has not stated toys’ sales results for its current fiscal year. During the year that concluded during 2012, January, same-store sales went down at home as well as within the global business, whereas total sales rocketed from 45 million dollars to 13.9 billion dollars (Lombardi, par). From this analysis, the Toys â€Å"R† Us Inc. is feasible to venture into emerging markets such as India. Despite the toy sales drop, Toys â€Å"R† Us total sales incre ment shows that the company can afford to venture new markets or emerging markets, which can boost its toy sales and generate more returns for the company (Brohan, par 5). India’s economic development was grounded upon socialist-inspired policies following the independence. It encompassed state-ownership of numerous sectors, regulations as well as red tape that was referred to as ‘License Raj’ in addition to safeguarding from the global markets. India’s political economy has rapidly transmuted with the economy’s liberalization during the 1990s (Maps of India, par 1). India has currently moved into a market-based structure and it is the global second speediest growing quintessential economy following China. India documented the highest gross domestic product rate of 9 percent in 2007. India’s growth has currently reached 7.5

Business Finance Ratios Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Business Finance Ratios - Essay Example Debt ratios signify the use of debt in acquiring the assets of the company. It signifies how the company has financed its assets and through what combination of debt and equity. Riordan Manufacturing has a higher debt ratio as compared to Kuddler foods however it must also be noted that the use of higher debt may also be favorable for the firm as it allow them to magnify their P/E ratio due to the impact of debt on taxable income of the firm. Apart from that the higher debt will allow firms to get the tax benefits also. However it also must be noted that the higher debt may be risky as taking more debt means putting on more burden on the existing resources to pay back the debt rather than being channeled into the more productive resources. Profit Margin is a ratio of great importance as it actually indicates what company is earning after paying off all its costs. This is in its essence is one of the key ratios of the success of the firm. In this regard, the profit margin of Riordan Manufacturing is less than that of the Kuddler Fine Foods. This can be because of the differences in their industry. Riordon being in manufacturing sectors has to incur costs which Kuddler, being in grocery business, may not incur. Further, the low profit margin for Riordon may also be attributed to its higher fixed costs ratio in its overall cost structure. Return on Assets is another very critical indicator of the how efficient firm is in running and managing its resources. High asset turnover and return on assets clearly indicate the level of professionalism and management approach. The ratio is significant in the sense that it provides management the vital indicator of how the firm is managing its assets to derive the sales. A low ratio would mean that it is taking more assets of the firm to generate the desired level of the return thus inefficient approach to managing the firm

Research Essay Ballast Water Environmental Sciences Essay

Research Essay Ballast Water Environmental Sciences Essay INTRODUCTION The proper control and management of ballast water from ships is now a major environmental challenge not only to the International Maritime Organization but also for the shipping industry worldwide. This problematic issue has led some countries to consider actions at the national level to establish regulations and criteria for the discharge of ballast water in areas under its jurisdiction. In this way, the IMO adopted in 2004 the International Convention for the Control and Management of Ship ´s Ballast Water and Sediments and several guidelines and resolutions. As the Convention previously mentioned has not yet entered into force, several states have taken unilateral action to prevent, minimize and ultimately eliminate the risks of the introduction to the marine environment of harmful aquatic organisms and pathogens from ballast water. Consequently, in 1998 the Argentine maritime authority approved Order No. 7-98 entitled Prevention of pollution by aquatic organisms in the ballast water of ships bound for Argentine ports in the estuary of the River Plate, which requires ships from overseas bound for Argentine ports in the estuary to discharge, change or treat their ballast water before entering a zone in which polluting activities are prohibited, which is located at the exterior limit of the River Plate. Even though Argentina is an IMO member state, for political reasons it has not signed the IMO Convention for Ballast Water. However, Argentina follows the IMO recommendations to create its own regulations in a standardized way, in order to avoid the negative impacts that ballast water discharge involves. This paper will analyze Argentina ´s national regulations and procedures for dealing with ballast water and determine the similarities and differences with the IMO recommendations. In addition, before analyzing this specific aspect, it is necessary to introduce the ballast water issue. First, the ballast water definition and its brief history. Second, this paper will describe the problems that ballast water implies. Third, the IMO responses in concordance with the international cooperation, regarding ballast water management and the assistance to developing countries, like Argentina, to reduce the entry of invasive species. Finally, this research will compare the Argentine legal framework with the international one; to be concluded with some suggestions and recommendations to improve this significant environmental problem. BALLAST WATER BACKGROUND What is Ballast Water? To understand the problems that ballast water imply, it is necessary to know the meaning of ballast water. According to the IMO Convention, ballast water means water with its suspended matter taken on board a ship to control trim, list, draught, stability or stresses of the ship. Ships are designed and constructed to sail carrying cargo such as oil, minerals, containers and so on. Consequently, if the ship travels without charge from one port and goes to the next port, the ballast must be on board to allow the vessel to operate efficiently and with safety. This includes keeping the ship at a depth sufficient to guarantee efficient operation of the propeller and rudder, and to avoid stress and strain on the hull, mainly in heavy seas, that could cause it to break or to sink the ship. Thousands of years ago, when ships began to be built, they carried solid ballast, such as rocks, sand or metal. However, since 1880, ships have used water as ballast, mainly because it is more affordable, it is much easier to load and unload and is, therefore, more effective and economical than the ballast solid (Ballast Water Defined, n.d.). As the figure 1 shows, when a ship is freed from its cargo, it is filled with water ballast. The water is distributed into the ballast tanks in the vessel. These tanks are strategically located depend on the vessel structure. They are usually located along the side and bottom of the hull. Ballast water is extracted through sea water intakes located in the side or vessel bottom, with the aid of feeding pumps for ballast or gravity. The seawater intakes are covered with grills or filters that prevent large foreign objects from entering the ships ballast tanks. However, many species are able to pass through the ship ´s water intake and pumps (The Issue, n.d.). Figure 1 Cross section of ships showing ballast tanks and ballast water cycle Note: Globallast Partnerships Retrieved from: http://globallast.imo.org/index.asp?page=problem.htmmenu=true C:Usersanalia soleda viggiaDesktopJING IMAGESBW.png The ballast water sediments are closely associated with ballast water. When ships charge ballast water, they also receive the solid material contained in the water. When this material enters into the ballast water tank, it sits in the bottom of the tank as sediment and the problem is that it can carry a variety of invasive species. Consequently, approximately 7,000 diverse invasive species could be transported into the ballast water tanks around the world. Many of these species may not survive during the ships ´ voyage. In the same way, other species are able to survive but when they are discharged in a place with different environmental conditions, they may die. However, several of the invasive species not only are able to survive but also find favourable conditions in the new environment to reproduce and to be a competitor or depredator of native species (The Issue, n.d.). BALLAST WATER PROBLEMS Invasive Species There are many problems in the ballast water discharge due to invasive species that are introduced in a new environment. These invasive species could be defined as species that have been introduced, intentionally or accidentally in a place, area or region where not found naturally. Other synonyms that are used to refer to invasive species are non-native species, non-indigenous species or invasive alien species (IAS) (Invasive species, n.d.). Furthermore, according to the IMO BW Convention, the invasive species are defined as: Aquatic organisms or pathogens which, if introduced into the sea including estuaries, or into fresh water courses, may create hazards to the environment, human health, property or resources, impair biological diversity or interfere with other legitimate uses of such areas. The problem involving invasive species is that after they have been introduced into a new geographic area, they are established and spread, which causes or may cause, damage to the environment, economies or the health of human beings (Invasive species, n.d.). Invasion Process The invasive process has three main steps: Introduction, establishment and propagation. 1 Introduction of the species: The species is introduced successfully in a new geographical area, intentionally or accidentally. This means that the species survives the voyage and is able to live in that area because the environmental conditions such as light, temperature, salinity, nutrients, among others, are adequate. 2 Establishment and reproduction of introduced species: Survivors persist and reproduce successfully, establishing a self-sustaining foundational population. 3 Propagation: The established population begins to spread, sometimes after a stationary period (or stationary stage) that could be for years and even decades. Then an explosive growth stage begins, this moment is when the new species becomes invasive (Invasive species, n.d.). Negative impacts The introduction of invasive species and their spread is recognized as a devastating issue in the affected environment because the damage that species cause to the local biodiversity could be irremediable. In this way, these complications in the environment imply also a negative impact in the economy of the affected area and to human health that is impaired by the invasive species ´ effects. In addition, all these negative impacts that invasive species produce in the environment, the economy and the human health are interrelated and influence each other (Ballast Water Management, n.d.). Ecological/ Environmental Negative ecological impacts happen when invasive species alter the local biodiversity of the area and/or ecological processes. While the initial impact may be insignificant and therefore, not detected; over time, as the population increases, also the severity of the effects increases. The most significant ecological impacts that invasive species cause in the environment are (The Ballast, 2002, p.8): Competing with native species for space and food. Preying upon native species. Altering habitat. Altering environmental conditions. Altering the food web and the overall ecosystem. Displacing native species, reducing native biodiversity and even causing local extinctions. Economic Invasive species can produce huge economic losses to society, whether in the form of direct economic impacts, such as loss of marine food production, or secondary economic impacts associated with the health of humans or ecological impact. For example, it is estimated that in the U.S., the cost associated with the control of invasive species is enormous. To clear Zebra Mussels were cost between US$750 and US$1 billion between 1989 and 2000. In general, the economic impacts include (The Ballast, 2002, p.10): Reductions in fisheries production (including collapse of the fishery) due to competition, predation or displacement of the fishery species by the invading species or through environmental changes caused by the invading species. Impacts on aquaculture (including closure of fish-farms), especially from introduced harmful algae blooms. Physical impacts on coastal infrastructure, facilities and industry, especially by fouling species. Reduction in the economy and efficiency of shipping due to fouling species. Impacts and even closure of recreational and tourism beaches and other coastal amenity sites due to invasive species (e.g. physical fouling of beaches and severe odors from harmful algae blooms). Secondary economic impacts from human health impacts of introduced pathogens and toxic species, including increased monitoring, testing, diagnostic and treatment costs, and loss of social productivity due to illness and even death in affected persons. Secondary economic impacts from ecological impacts and bio-diversity loss. The costs of responding to the problem, including research and development, monitoring, education, communication, regulation, compliance, management, mitigation and control costs. Human health Because of the continued transfers of ballast water, chances are high that ships carry microorganisms on a large scale. For instance, there is evidence that cholera epidemics can be directly related to the discharge of ballast water. While Vibrio cholera and other pathogens are normal elements of coastal waters, they are not usually present in concentrations high enough to cause health problems for humans. However, with the increase in global trade and vessels transiting between international ports, the transfer of microbes could well be the worst threat related to the discharge of ballast water. A clear example is the cholera epidemic that happened in Peru in 1991 because of ballast water discharge, affecting more than a million people and killing more than ten thousand. Another problem in the human health that ballast water implies is that ships could carry in the ballast tanks not only bacteria and viruses, but also a range of species of microalgae, including toxic species that may form harmful algae blooms or red tides' (The Ballast, 2002, p.13). This kind of algae causes shellfish poisoning, which can produce sever illness and death in humans. ARGENTINE CASE STUDY The invasive species introduced by ballast water have affected Argentine waters causing many negative impacts. For instance, since 1991, the Golden Mussel (Limnoperna fortunei) entered to Argentina through the River Plate into the ballast water tanks of Asian ships (Crosier, Molloy, n.d.). One of the complications that golden mussel causes is the damage in water intakes and water treatment plants, in which it is adhered. Consequently, the pipes are clogged, the water flow moves slowly and filters are clogged (macro-fouling) (Figure 2 and 3). Other disorders associated with the presence of this invasive bivalve are the rapidly changing in communities of organisms living on the bottom of water bodies (called benthic) and the displacement of indigenous species of mollusks. Figure 1 and 2 Golden Mussel Note: Para Nauticos Retrieved from: http://www.paranauticos.com/Notas/Tecnicas/Oceanografia/mejillon-dorado.htm C:Usersanalia soleda viggiaDesktopJING IMAGESGolden_Mussel.pngC:Usersanalia soleda viggiaDesktopJING IMAGESGolden_Mussel_002.png Furthermore, the Golden Mussel produces changes in the food chains of the environment, such as change of diet of vogue in the River Plate. In this case, this fish chooses the golden mussel as their main food, altering the normal ecosystem characteristics. On the other hand, the arrival of the invasive bivalve has economic negative effects that can be quantified by the value of the damage it causes, plus the costs of prevention and control tasks (Mirasso, n.d.). As a result of the Golden Mussel invasion in the River Plate, there are several negative impacts, such as in the human health, taking into account that the water consumed by people is that one that be affected by the Golden Mussel in the treatment plant. Moreover, other negative effects are ecological (because the environmental changes) and economics (due to the procedures used it to solve the problems that the bivalve produces). INTERNATIONAL MARITIME ORGANIZATION RESPONSES Since late 1980, the IMO has been actively engaged in trying to find a solution to the problem of ballast water. Initially, the IMO developed and published a set of guidelines in 1991, which were replaced in 1997 with Resolution A.868 (20) called Guidelines for the control and management of ship ´s ballast water to minimize the transfer of harmful aquatic organisms and pathogens. Subsequently, IMO began working on an international legal instrument that resulted in the adoption by consensus of the International Convention for the Control and Management of Ballast Water and Sediments in the Diplomatic Conference that was held at the IMO headquarters in London on February 13, 2004. This Convention will enter into force 12 months after ratification by 30 States, representing 35 per cent of world merchant shipping tonnage. The last IMO report of  August 31, 2011 shows that 35 States have ratified the Convention, representing 27.95% of world merchant shipping tonnage (Ballast Water Man agement, n.d.; Status of Conventions, 2012). Basically, the BWM Convention will require all ships to implement a Ballast Water and Sediments Management Plan; all ships will have to carry a Ballast Water Record Book and will be required to carry out standard ballast water management procedures. In addition, Parties to the Convention are given the option to take additional measures which are subject to criteria set out in the Convention and to IMO guidelines. These guidelines were created by the IMO Member States between 2005 and 2008 to facilitate the uniform implementation of the ballast water process. The mentioned guidelines are the following (BWM Guidelines, n.d.): Guidelines for sediment reception facilities (G1) (resolution MEPC.152(55)) Guidelines for ballast water sampling (G2) (resolution MEPC.173(58)) Guidelines for ballast water management equivalent compliance (G3) (resolution MEPC.123(53)) Guidelines for ballast water management and development of ballast water management plans (G4) (resolution MEPC.127(53)) Guidelines for ballast water reception facilities (G5) (resolution MEPC.153(55)) Guidelines for ballast water exchange (G6) (resolution MEPC.124(53)) Guidelines for risk assessment under regulation A-4 of the BWM Convention (G7) (resolution MEPC.162(56)) Guidelines for approval of ballast water management systems (G8) (resolution MEPC.174(58)) Procedure for approval of ballast water management systems that make use of Active Substances (G9) (resolution MEPC.169(57)) Guidelines for approval and oversight of prototype ballast water treatment technology programmes (G10) (resolution MEPC.140(54)) Guidelines for ballast water exchange design and construction standards (G11) (resolution MEPC.149(55)) Guidelines on design and construction to facilitate sediment control on ships (G12) (resolution MEPC.150(55)) Guidelines for additional measures regarding ballast water management including emergency situations (G13) (resolution MEPC.161(56)) Guidelines on designation of areas for ballast water exchange (G14) (resolution MEPC.151(55)) Guidelines for ballast water exchange in the Antarctic treaty area (resolution MEPC.163(56)) However, the most relevant IMO recommendation regarding ballast water is the before mentioned Resolution A.868 (20) Guidelines for the control and management of ship ´s ballast water to minimize the transfer of harmful aquatic organisms and pathogens. This Resolution was adopted on 27 November 1997 not as a solution to the ballast water issue but as a tool to minimize the risks caused by invasive species. Also, it asked countries to cooperate with this issue, applying the resolution itself and any other necessary measures. First, the Resolution A.868 (20) establishes several indications both to port States and ships. Beginning with the port States, they should inform the IMO of specific requirements that they have such as regulations, specific zones, standards and exemptions, in order that IMO can distribute this information and in this way, the ships could obtain each country ´s requirements prior to their arrival at port. Other information that the port States should pass on to IMO is the results of inspections and analyses of samples of ballast water tanks. In addition, the port States should have adequate reception and treatment facilities in their ports for safe disposal of ballast tank sediments. Second, according to the Resolution, the ships should have a specific ballast water management plan including safe and effective procedures during the charge and discharge of ballast water. All ships should record each discharge, mention at least dates; geographical location; ship ´s tanks and cargo holds; ballast water temperature and salinity; amount of ballast water loaded or discharged. Additionally, the ships should follow precautionary practices such as avoiding taking ballast water in darkness, shallow water or where propellers may stir up sediments. Also, they should avoid unnecessary discharge of ballast water. The ballast water exchange process could be done in deep water, in open ocean, as far as possible from shore or where the port State authorizes. In case of using pumping systems, the water should be pumped through the tank at least three times. Third, the Resolution takes into account future considerations in relation to ballast water exchange. This means that the measures could be revised and adjusted according to new technologies or developments. In addition, this document has two appendices. Appendix 1 is the Ballast Water Reporting Form to be provided by ships to port State Authority upon request. Appendix 2 is the Guidance of safety aspects of Ballast Water Exchange at sea. This appendix mentions the safety measures (stability, weather conditions, and stress on the hull, among others) and two recognized methods: Sequential method, in which ballast tanks are pumped out and refilled with clean water; and Flow-through method, in which ballast tanks are simultaneously filled and discharged by pumping in clean water. Finally, the Resolution establishes the necessity of crew training and familiarization regarding the ballast water management plan, ballast water methods, pumping system and recording the information required concerning ballast water loading and discharge. This point is very important because conscience and compromise about the ballast water risk, not only from the crew members but also from the port States, are the first steps to minimize the introduction of invasive species. The IMO not only carries its own efforts to solve the ballast water problem, but also it has been supporting the international cooperation among countries in order to achieve a common solution, and to help developed countries to implement the necessary measures to avoid invasive species and to implement the Ballast Water Convention. In this way, one of the most important programs under the IMO auspices is the GloBallast Patnership that it will be developed in more detail in the next section. INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION International cooperation is essential to prevent the transferences of invasive species. This means that it is necessary joint cooperation among states, the maritime community, shipping companies and non-governmental organizations, in order to prevent, reduce and control human caused pollution of the marine environment, including the intentional or accidental introduction of harmful or alien species to a particular part of the marine environment. (Ballast Water Management, n.d.). In this way, since 2000 the IMO has been working with United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) and the Global Environment Facility (GEF) to deal with the introduction of invasive species from ships ´ ballast water in new environments. In order to confront this issue with an international effort, these organizations initiated the Global Programme of Ballast Water Management to avoid obstacles to the effective implementation of control measures and ballast water management in developing countries (GloBallast Partnership). This is a comprehensive technical cooperation program for help developing countries to (GloBallast, n.d.): à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Reduce the transfer of harmful organisms from ballast water of ships. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Implement the IMO guidelines on ballast water. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Prepare for the implementation of the Ballast Water Convention of IMO (which was still in negotiations at that time). à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Develop mechanisms for sustainability and reforms at national level. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Promote regional coordination and cooperation. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Develop new technologies and exchange of information among governments measures. The GloBallast Partnership is divided into phases. The first phase was initiated in 2000 and finished in 2004. The second phase was initiated in 2007 and continuous running during this year. This second phase aims to build on the progress achieved in the original project. It will focus on national policy, legal and institutional reforms in developing countries with particular emphasis on integrated management. The approach includes: à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Build on the achievements and use the skills and knowledge acquired in the first phase; à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Repeat best practices and technical activities to promote national policy reforms. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Support countries particularly vulnerable and high environmental sensitivity in their efforts to adopt legal reforms and to implement the Convention on Ballast Water Management. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Promote collaboration with industry to facilitate the successful transfer of new technologies from developed to developing countries (GloBallast Partnerships, n.d.). Consequently, Argentina participated in the GloBallast Partnership Program and this year the Argentine Coast Guard was designated as the focal point to represent Argentina to International Organizations in this Program. In order to assist with other nations in the world particularly vulnerable countries regarding the introduction of invasive species and pathogens through ballast water of ships, to fortify political and legal aspects (Environmental Protection, 2012). ARGENTINE LEGAL FRAMEWORK The BWM Convention was opened to signature from 01 June 2004 to 31 May 2005. Eight countries including Argentina signed the instrument subject to ratification. Until now Argentina has not ratified the Convention because it still remains in the Congress to analyze. However, this situation does not mean that Argentina does not support the fight against invasive species incoming from the ships ´ ballast water. On the contrary, Argentina was a pioneer in this issue. In 1998 the Argentine maritime authority approved Ordinance No. 7-98 entitled Prevention of pollution by aquatic organisms in the ballast water of ships bound for Argentine ports in the estuary of the River Plate, which obliges ships from overseas bound for Argentine ports in the estuary to discharge, change or treat their ballast water before entering a zone in which polluting activities are prohibited, which is located at the outer limit of the River Plate. On December 1999, this national regulation was submitted to the I MO through MEPC 44/4/2, in order to be distributed among the states. In the same way, Ordinance No. 12-98 entitled Special Protection Areas on the Argentine Coast was submitted to the IMO. This Ordinance established twelve special protection areas, where among other prohibitions, it is forbidden to discharge ballast water, even if treated in some way, unless it has been exchanged for water taken within 150 miles from the outer limit of the area concerned. Both regulations were made by the Environmental Protection Department of the Argentine Coast Guard (Prefectura Naval Argentina). This Department is in charge of all the issues related to environmental protection. Within this Department is found the Scientific Research Division that works with specialists such as biologists, and this group is continuously conducting research about ballast water and the impact in the environment. In this way, they confirmed with several studies that three species of freshwater bivalves that have been found in the River Plate (Corbicula fluminea, Corbicula largillierti, and Linmoperna fortune, known as Golden Mussel) originating from the estuaries of south-east Asia, and that they had entered via the discharge from ships from that region, to which bulk cereals had been exported from Argentina. Considering that the River Plate is the gateway of the export/import activity of Argentina, it was necessary that this national regulation be applicable and mandatory both for national ships and foreign flagged ships. This last consideration was possible because Argentina submitted the Ordinance to IMO and then it was distributed among the states. Several of the Ordinance requirements are similar to the IMO Resolution A. 868 (20), because it was made based on this last one. For instance, as the Resolution, the Ordinance has a final annex including Guidance on Safety Aspects of Ballast Water Exchange at Sea and Crew Training and Familiarization. Other similarity appears in the ship-shore communication and the methods admitted by both regulations. However, some requirements are specific to the Ordinance, such as sealing ballast tanks or pumping control valves and the exigency of salinity levels. Furthermore, the Ordinance does not have many requirements included in the Resolution, such as the port states procedures or the Ballast Water Reporting Form. The Ordinance No. 7-98 Prevention of pollution by aquatic organisms in the ballast water of ships bound for Argentine ports in the estuary of the River Plate establishes that all ships that navigate along the River Plate shall exchange ballast water avoiding the prohibited zone of polluting actions located in front of the external limit of the River Plate. Another requirement is the radio electric communication that ships must make with the Vessel Traffic Services of the River Plate (CONRASE) informing them of the ballast water exchange or ballast retention on board. In case of exchange, they must indicate position, amount of water discharged, exchanged or retained on board and method applied for the ballast water exchange. According to this Ordinance, the methods admitted by Argentine Coast Guard are: Total deballasting and reballasting (like the Sequential Method indicated in the Resolution A. 868 (20)), Flow-through (the same as in the IMO Resolution) and Overflow (it is similar to the flow-through method, but pumping water for a time and making it overflow from the top of tank). In case of considering new methods, these should be approved by the IMO. Some methods admitted as a complement are: Filtering systems, oxidizing and non-oxidizing biocides, thermal techniques, electric pulses and plasma pulses, ultraviolet treatment, acoustic systems, magnetic field, deoxidation, biological techniques and anti-adherent coatings. Furthermore, the Ordinance allows Coast Guard members to seal ballast tanks and pumps to control valves of ships, to be sure that they would not discharge the water on the way to Argentine Ports. Also the officers may take samples of the contents of ballast tanks, pipes and pumps to control the presence of invasive species and water salinity. In case that the water salinity is below 30mg/cm3, the ship would be not be allowed to enter into the River Plate because this water quality means that the ship exchanged ballast water very near the River Plate without taking into account the requirements of the Ordinance. Finally, Argentina tries to arrive at a ballast water solution with its own national regulations. However, this is not enough because, since the adoption of the Ordinance No.7-98, many cases of new invasive species have happened, not only in the River Plate but also in the Argentine south where it does not exists any particular regulation, referent to ballast water. For example, the Golden Mussel (Limnoperna fortunei) that entered through the River Plate, affecting this complete zone until Brazil or the Wakame seaweed (Undaria pinnatifida) that invaded Puerto Madryn (a southern Argentine province) causing economic losses because this place is a touristic beach where people make activities like scuba diving but since this seaweed has invaded this place it is impossible to practice this activity. This is a shortcoming in the Argentine regulation because the Ordinance No.7-98 only contemplates the River Plate but not the others ports of entry at the country, mainly in southern Argentina . On the other hand, the Argentine regulation does not contain any reference to the International Convention for the Control and Management of Ships ´ Ballast Water and Sediments because both instruments are not contemporary; the Ordinance was made six years previously. CONCLUSION The introduction of invasive species is a ballast water problem that involves the majority of the countries in which the trade is made by ships. Nowadays, most of the ships in the world fleet effectively carry ballast water and, therefore, would need to manage ballast water as part of their operations. The ecological, economic and human health impacts of invasive species are significantly severe for each country or region affected. Ballast water transfers and aquatic invasive species are perhaps the biggest environmental challenge facing the global shipping industry this century. For this reason, the problem of ballast water and invasive species must be addressed on an international basis involving cooperation between all countries and the shipping and port industries because the ships are involved in the international trade around the world; the port states are linked to receive and to c

slave families :: essays research papers

Aside from what the owners and overseers thought, slaves lived their own lives. They made friends, fell in love, played and prayed, sang, told stories, and engaged in the necessary chores of day to day living. These things as well as family and religion were also important to the slaves.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Throughout the South, the slave owners defined the living arrangements of slaves. Most slaves lived together in nuclear families with a mother, father, and children (Phillips 1929, 14). The stability of the slave family was often challenged due to various reasons: no state law recognized marriage among slaves, masters rather than parents had legal authority over slave children and the possibility of forced separation, through slave trade or sale were an issue of every slave family. These separations were especially frequent in the slave-exporting states of the upper South (Phillips 1929, 16). However, the most effective way of controlling slaves was the threat of sale. Slaves feared the reality of such a suggestion more than any form of punishment. They could endure the pain of whipping, but it was more difficult to suffer the grave psychological injuries that stemmed from the severance of familiar bonds (Phillips 1929, 44). Parents who were sold would worry about the welfare of children growing up without a mother and a father. Slave men and women heard terrifying stories from masters about the dangers of life in other states or in other towns where they might be sold. However, despite their severe status, families served as the slaves’ most basic refuge, the part of their private lives that owners could never fully control.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Religion also served as a refuge for slaves. African slaves usually remained close to their native religions, and many slave owners grew suspicious of those who looked to convert their slaves to Christianity, partly because they were scared that converted slaves would have to be freed. Christianity was increasingly central to the slaves’ cultural lives (Phillips 1929, 20). Many slaves converted during Christian revivals that swept through the South in the late 18th and early 19th centuries, where Baptists and Methodists denomination became most popular among slaves.

Agrarian Reform Issues

Answer the following questions after reading the document about poverty, all reports of each group/individual and the discussions we had in the classroom. Limit your answer to seven to ten substantive sentences only fully cited by related reviews and studies that you will use in the critique/answer. Plagiarized statements and notations shall be considered as invalid and the document will be equivalent to zero. Type your answer on this questionnaire. 1. Discuss how issues and problems are dealt with in social planning and social policy writing based from the framework below Fig. Schematic framework showing the interrelatedness of social institutions, and social structures. Social Structures Social Institutions -Society is defined by the interconnection of units that creates larger scale system relations in the society. Emile Durkheim’s sociological theory which is Structural Functionalism would perfectly represent the schematic framework. According to him, structural functional ism is when societies tend to be divided but is held together by shared values, common symbols or systems of exchanges, which creates stability. Small factors in the structure would eventually affect the higher strata of the society, there is interdependence among us, society is a network of statuses connected by associated roles (Leung, Richardson). The formulation of social policies is based on the needs of the status quo, it is deeply associated by the present condition of the society. In the paper of Subedi entitled ‘Structural Functional Perspective in Sociology’ discussed the consensus and conflict perspective wherein due to conflict â€Å"society cannot operate for any length of time on the basis of force. Society is held together by the consensus of its members†. It simply describes society as a perpetually changing structure which needs continuous planning and execution of social programs to keep up with the progressing evolution of humanity. Social planning and policy making is the analysis of the things that a social system needs in order to survive. One of the objectives of this is to maintain the stability of pattern, facilitates the society in resolving social problems, and integrating dependent units in achieving unity (Subedi, 2010). 2. Discuss landlessness as a social problem. Please highlight its impact on farmers and society as a whole. -Landlessness is a manifestation of poverty wherein a person is deprived on the possession of land as an opportunity for growth or development. Unequal distribution of land is the root cause of the landlessness of the farmers, this could be traced in the Spanish colonization wherein the encomienda system were put into practice wherein the landowners would hire farmers to till their land and most of the revenues that will be generated will be on the hands of the landowners which is apparently unfair. Landlessness is a significant social problem because it would worsen other social problems that are already present. Take Uganda for example, a study that was conducted by Alinyo and Leahy (2007) entitled ‘the Impact of Landlessness on Sustainable Agricultural Initiatives; Benet Sub County, Kapchorwa, Uganda’, wherein the study discusses that the issues of landlessness are cause by the following: Rapid population growth, lack of ownership rights, inadequate extension services. The effects would be: Low crop yields, low household incomes, hunger that would totally result into rural poverty. The case of Uganda is not different to the situation of the Philippines with regards to landlessness, landlessness of the farmers has been an issue since then, a clear example representing this problem is the case of Hacienda Luisita wherein the problem has not yet been resolve because it is often disregarded to be the focal point of concern in the Philippine government. Landlessness are equivalent to the unequal distribution of access to opportunities and wealth, this has been the outcome of the Philippines choices of development trategies, policies and investment regime, and national and local institutions governing economic transactions, including land relations (Balisacan 2003, 2007). The impact of landlessness in the society as a whole would lead into social unrest among the people that is affected by this issue and thus lead into various deviances and protest that would disturb the present society. 3. What are the issues behind the Agrarian Reform Program on why the problem about landlessness? Is it about the law itself or how it is implemented? Examples that will be presented in this paper would come from the paper of Antonio Ledesma (1982) entitled ‘Landless Workers and Rice Farmers: Peasant Subclasses Under Agrarian Reform in Two Philippine Villages’. Of these issues behind the Agrarian reform includes the security concerns of landless farmer, owner-cultivatorship and permanent lessees. One of the main objectives of Agrarian refom program is the creation of an independent peasant class of owner-cultivators whose claim to ownership are based precisely on being the tillers of the soil. But in some barangays, landless workers spend more hours in actual rice farming operations than the agrarian refom beneficiaries. Another issue is the stagnant development of the tenant farmers that is stuck on being a tenant rather than owning a piece of land. Base on the findings on the paper of Ledesma Agrarian Reform itself has a good aim on the development of the farmers, however, the implementation of such program seems to fail since the situation of the past seems to never change. In conclusion, the planning is good but the execution of programs must be put into consideration. 4. Write a social policy about how problem on landlessness can be resolved? Take not of the introduction, provisions, time frame, how it will be implemented and the monitoring scheme, – This act is prepared in order to promulgate the rights of landless farmers and to recognize the sector as one of the most important contributors in the Philippine economy. With this social policy they would given a period of training development to maximize their skills as a contributor of the Philippine economy and a sector that has a paramount importance since they provide food for the Philippine population. The time frame for this social policy would require a 10 year period. Policies that will be included is the educational grants of the farmers wherein they must undergo training like irrigation, usage of advance equipments, modern seeds and scientific ways of propagating plants. The government must provide a wide scheme of budget for this policy because capital should be provided for institutional and attitudinal change of the people in the sector. The role of various institutions like the UP Los Banos, DOST will be stressed since the development of research for modern and improve seeds and planting materials will be focus upon to benefit for the farmers. The establishments of cooperative agricultures will be form for larger productivity and shared profits among farmers. There should also be a series of extension services at the time frame wherein agriculturists will visit areas ,particularly areas where rice production is prevalent , to train and advice farmers on advance farming methods. Establishment of farm infrastructures should also be implemented and lastly farmers will be given other sources of income and livelihood. The root policy for this action is the allocation of a larger budget for agriculture.

The Human Resource Management System Essay - 1392 Words

a) Overview of HRIS, its technological evolvement and characteristics; A HRIS, which is also known as a human resource information system or human resource management system (HRMS), is basically an intersection of human resources and information technology through HR software. This allows HR activities and processes to occur electronically. To put it another way, a HRIS may be viewed as a way, through software, for businesses big and small to take care of a number of activities, including those related to human resources, accounting, management, and payroll. A HRIS allows a company to plan its HR costs more effectively, as well as to manage them and control them without needing to allocate too many resources toward them. In most situations, a HRIS will also lead to increases in efficiency when it comes to making decisions in HR. The decisions made should also increase in quality—and as a result, the productivity of both employees and managers should increase and become more effective. (Rietsema) b) Technology vendors and market analysis, The $14-plus billion marketplace for HR software and platforms is reinventing itself. Fueled by mobile apps, analytics, video, and a focus on team-centric management, we are seeing a disruptive change in the HR software industry. This is a shift investors, buyers, and HR professionals should watch out for. The story is simple and has repeated itself. Just as a cottage industry of online recruitment, learning, and performanceShow MoreRelatedHuman Resource Management Systems : Management1080 Words   |  5 Pages Human Resource Management Systems: Management Through Software Auriel S. Brown Dr. Jack Huddleston HRM520004VA016-1148-001: Hr Information Systems Strayer University 10/26/14 Human Resource Management Systems Human Resource Information Systems or HRSI are systems used to combine task related to the human resource management field. 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According to Devansh (2011), payroll systems are usually one of the first systems to be computerized. The system is computerized in order to obtain accurate results and provide information during auditing processes. Employees of the payroll department should be able to view employees data but shouldn’t be able to add, delete or modify the data. The timesheet of employees received from the personnel department can be viewed but should not beRead MoreHuman Resources Information System ( Hrms ) Human Resource Managemen t System2230 Words   |  9 PagesHRIS, which is also known as Human Resources Information System or (HRMS) Human Resource Management System, is actually a hybrid of human resources and information technology by HR software. This allows HR activities and processes to be carried out electronically. Human Resources Information System is a system that can keep track of all your employees and information to keep. It is, as a rule in a database or, more generally carried out in a series of connected databases. These include the name and